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Horatio Clarence Hocken
Horatio Clarence Hocken (October 12, 1857 – February 18, 1937) was a Canadian politician, Mayor of Toronto, social reformer, a founder of what became the ''Toronto Star'' and Grand Master of the Grand Orange Lodge of British America from 1914-1918.
Born in Toronto in what was pre-Confederation Canada West, Hocken had a media career as a printer, publisher and journalist. After working as a typesetter at the ''Toronto Globe'' at which he led a strike, Hocken, in 1892, Hocken was a foremen in the print room of the ''Toronto News'' when the Typographical Union went on strike. He and 20 other strikers founded the ''Evening Star'' as a strike paper with Hocken as the new paper's business manager.〔Michael Hanlon, "Out of the darkness The Evening Star is born --- A group of jilted printers had enough and created 'a paper for the people'", ''Toronto Star'', November 1, 2002〕 He subsequently left the ''Star'' and returned to the ''News'' where he became city editor. In 1905 he purchased ''The Orange Sentinel'', a weekly newspaper serving supporters of the Orange Order.
==Local politics==
From 1912 to 1914, Hocken was Mayor of Toronto after serving on the Toronto Board of Control from 1907 until 1910 when he made his first unsuccessful bid for the mayor's office and again from 1911 until 1912. He is credited with approving the Bloor Viaduct.〔Gerald Hannon, "Leap of faith", ''Now Magazine'', February 26, 1998〕 As mayor, Hocken supported opening city parks to public use rather than being restricted to the use of athletic societies arguing that parks are for "walking in, not for athletic sports". He built public baths, installed a sewage treatment plant and a filtration plant, and the extension of the sewer system. Hocken's term also saw the distribution of free milk to children living in slums and the establishment of a public health nursing program. His reforms saw the death rate from communicable disease drop from 114 per 100,000 to 27 per 100,000. Hocken also supported the creation of a public housing company that built houses and rented them for cost. The city, under his stewardship, also purchased an abattoir and cold storage facility to help keep small butchers from being driven out of business by "the great meat trust."〔http://members.tripod.com/~Roughian/Hocken.html〕
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